The US Government seeks to enhance private sector engagement through the Prosper Africa initiative, with the aim of increasing two-way trade and investment between the United States and African countries. USAID/WA seeks to improve private sector competitiveness in West Africa with the focus on promoting the region’s international and regional trade, facilitating investments, expanding activities in agriculture, light manufacturing (including textiles and apparel) and supporting services (packaging and labeling, logistics, financing, among others) where those partnerships cost-effectively achieve the targeted development focus and impact. The regional mission intends to utilize the ATI mechanism as the channel to build and advance a pipeline of private sector partnerships through a co-investment model that catalyzes investment, trade, employment, and income growth opportunities especially for women and youth with the goal of growing market development and generating sustainable development impact.
According to the African Development Bank’s 2023 West Africa Economic Outlook report, West Africa has experienced slower economic growth over the past few years because of many factors, key among them the COVID-19 pandemic and, more recently, Russia's War in Ukraine which have disrupted global trade flows and commodity markets and also spurred inflationary pressures on the cost of food, fuel and fertilizer in many countries in the region. In addition, increasingly tight monetary policy has heightened aversion to risk globally and increased exchange rate pressures across the region. Despite this, the region’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth outlook is positive and projected to pick up slightly from 3.9% in 2023 and 4.2% in 2024.
West African trade, like other African countries' exports, remains concentrated in a narrow range of commodities. Although West Africa is a globally important exporter in various commodities including cocoa, cashew, cotton, shea, and some tropical fruits, it is hampered by low levels of productivity on the production side and limited investment and export of value-added processed commodities.
Agri-production and processing is constrained by issues such as limited access to key inputs, lack of secure land rights, water access limitations under erratic weather and poor development of irrigation, weak production technologies, fragmentation of smallholder producers, limited credit, and technical constraints in processing. Market access obstacles faced by West African producers and processors further hampers their competitiveness. Contrary to this some imported food may flow more easily through corridors to reach main West African markets, moved by established importers/trading corporations providing fewer opportunities and incentives for existing private sector to develop and process products for regional and international markets. This is further compounded by limited access to finance and the capacity of firms to meet export market standards and requirements. Due to the challenges cited above, regional and international buyers and processors often have issues securing enough essential commodities of the right quality.
Vertical integration into farming to guarantee minimal supplies to keep processing facilities running, usually below capacity, is a common adaptation mechanism to supply chain challenges but is complicated by lack of secure land rights. The substantial number of smallholders and cooperatives in the agri-production space presents an opportunity for increased production. Strategic coordination, market linkages can provide regular cash flow, increasing incomes for smallholder farmers. The integration of smallholder farmers requires sizable investments and robust management to meet the quality, quantity and traceability requirements due to the disaggregated and uncoordinated nature of existing production systems which makes aggregation of sufficient quantities challenging and significantly increases the operational costs. It further complicates processing which requires a consistent throughput to run an operation in comparison to buying from commercial-scale farmers or aggregators.
Working capital requirements for processing industries where the supply of raw material must be purchased up front for year-round processing is particularly difficult for locally based firms who can’t compete with the lower cost of capital available to foreign operators. The cost and availability of energy is also relatively high in the region in comparison to competitor countries. The integration of small holders and firms into international and regional supply chains requires investments in upgrading and certification that are difficult to finance in much of the West African region.
Many financial institutions are reluctant to lend to the agriculture sector and the applicants often do not have adequate financial documentation, business plans, or credit history to qualify for commercial loans. International market regulatory and buyer requirements are also changing rapidly, requiring much greater levels of traceability in the food supply chain to ensure food safety. There are concerns that small-scale farmers and producers will not be well-positioned to either continue exporting or enter into developed country markets if their facilities and capacities are not upgraded. Opportunities exist to support the integration of small producers into regional and international supply chains by partnering and leveraging resources alongside major buyers and processors who have significant financial investments at stake. In addition, these same pressures make locally processed goods more attractive by shortening the supply chain, improving traceability, and reducing costs currently captured by traders and middlemen.
In the Textile and Apparel (T&A) sector, there is an immense opportunity to vertically integrate the T&A manufacturing value chain. The region produces around 1.5 million metric tons of cotton annually, which represents about 60% of Africa’s total output and 15% of global exports. The majority of this is exported unprocessed. Farming methods feature rain-fed irrigation with harvest done by handpicking, leading to 80% being labeled as preferred, sustainable cotton under Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) and Cotton made in Africa (CmiA) standards. The West Africa region’s geographical location means it offers a natural nearshore market to Europe and US markets – less than two weeks away from Europe by sea. Other advantages include an abundant trainable labor force, cost savings to manufacturers under favorable trade instruments like the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) further supporting trade with the US. The west Africa region has been investing in the development of the T&A sector and additional investments in the factories through co-investment and buyer linkages will go a long way in supporting expansion and contribute towards verticality and competitiveness of firms in the West Africa Region.
Opportunities exist to support the integration of smallholder farmers, processors in the agriculture space, light manufacturing (including textiles and apparel firms), support services companies (packaging and labeling, logistics, financing, among others) into regional and international supply chains by partnering and leveraging resources alongside major buyers, processors and key channel distributors who have existing products and services, footprint, market knowledge, significant financial investments, distribution channels and market share. The US Government seeks to enhance private sector engagement through the Prosper Africa initiative, with the aim of increasing two-way trade and investment between the United States and African countries by working with the private sector to leverage on their resources and skills to achieve development impact, facilitate investments, promote market opportunities, and strengthen business and investment climates. This will result in job creation for both African and American workers and foster shared prosperity.